Here are some important examples of weapons:

Edged weapons
This is mostly used to categorize various types of swords, weapons designed to slice, cut and make your enemy bleed! Can be used in one hand, two hands or dual wield.

Blunt weapons
This is mostly used to categorize various types of clubs and maces. Weapons designed to smash your enemies to a pulp! Can be used in one hand, two hands or dual wield.

Dagger weapons
This is mostly used to categorize various types of daggers, weapons designed to allow you to strike at your enemy swiftly! Can be used in one hand, two hands or duel wield.

Bow weapons
This is mostly used to categorize various types of bows and crossbows. These are designed to hit your target from a reasonably safe distance! These always require both hands.

Thrown weapons
This is mostly used to categorize weapons that your character can throw, such as knives and even some spears. Can be thrown from a distance, but nowhere near as far away as bows!

Polearm weapons
This is mostly used to categorize various types of polearms, lances and such. Weapons designed to create some distance between you and your enemy! Always requires both hands.